Myanmar's Controversial Election: Vote Amidst Conflict and Repression

Myanmar's Critical Moment

On December 28, 2025, voters in Myanmar participated in the first phase of a general election amid a civil war that has deeply fractured the nation. This unprecedented electoral exercise unfolds under the watchful eyes of the military government, which seized power in February 2021, ousting the democratically elected government of Aung San Suu Kyi. The complexities surrounding this election highlight a desperate attempt by the military regime to establish a veneer of legitimacy while facing rampant civil unrest and widespread calls for boycotts.

The Stakes at Play

This election is notable not only for its rarity but also for the alarming backdrop of political repression. Since the coup, the military's crackdown has resulted in over 7,600 civilian fatalities and has forcibly displaced 3.6 million individuals. The ongoing violence raises pressing questions about the feasibility of free and fair elections in such a hostile environment.

The military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) aims to assert its claim to democratic legitimacy. The outcome of this election could potentially influence Myanmar's relationships with neighbors such as China, India, and Thailand, who may use it to justify continued support for the junta. However, international observers remain highly skeptical, emphasizing a viewpoint that this election is fundamentally flawed and coercive.

The Election's Structure

Voting occurred in 102 out of 330 townships, with polling stations situated in high schools, government buildings, and religious sites across cities like Yangon and Naypyitaw. This election marks a pivotal transition as the military aims to move towards what it calls a 'nominally civilian' governance structure. However, major political groups have been systematically silenced: the National League for Democracy, led by Suu Kyi, was dissolved in 2023 after refusing to register under military-imposed regulations. In fact, Suu Kyi remains imprisoned, serving a 27-year sentence under charges widely viewed as politically motivated.

Security Concerns and Voter Sentiment

With the threat of violence lurking, security during the elections was heightened. Armed guards were stationed outside polling places, and military trucks patrolled the streets, creating an environment of fear rather than hope. First-time usage of electronic voting machines was noted, adding a modern twist to a fundamentally contested electoral process.

The election has attracted over 4,800 candidates from 57 parties; however, only six have the potential to secure substantial representation. As various opposition groups called for a boycott, incidents of violence were predicted, but ultimately, voting proceeded with relative calm on the surface.

“It is impossible for this election to be free and fair,” said Moe Moe Myint, a local voter. “How can we support a junta-run election when this military has destroyed our lives? We are homeless, hiding in jungles, and living between life and death.”

Voices from the Ground

The refrain among many Myanmar citizens echoes sentiments of disillusionment. The UN Special Procedures recently highlighted the serious concerns surrounding the elections. In a statement on X, Tom Andrews, a UN Rapporteur, warned governments against recognizing the elections, labeling them 'sham polls' marked by coercive voter manipulation.

The social media landscape reflects a pervasive skepticism and criticism of the election process. Open Source Intel highlighted that voting would be overshadowed by civil unrest and doubts about the credibility of the process.

The Future of Democracy in Myanmar

The electoral process is set to unfold across three phases, with additional rounds scheduled for January 11 and 25, 2026, respectively. As we approach the final results expected later in January, the implications for democracy in Myanmar under the ruling junta remain uncertain.

The military's determination to maintain power raises significant concerns regarding future governance and civilian liberties. What will this election's outcome mean for the millions living in fear and uncertainty? This convoluted electoral exercise serves as a reflection of the ongoing struggle for democracy in a nation grappling with deep-rooted systemic issues.