Who Can Be Santa? Understanding the Three Types of Santa Claus

Exploring the Santa Claus Archetype

In the realm of Christmas traditions, few figures are as universally recognized as Santa Claus. However, recent research has uncovered a surprising foundation behind the iconic figure we all know. A survey conducted across the United States with over 850 professional Santas illustrates that anyone can embrace the role of Santa, regardless of appearance or background.

According to Borbala Csillag, a management professor at Oregon State University, societal expectations often frame what a Santa 'should' look like—typically an older white man with a full beard and a round belly. Yet, this study suggests that the essence of Santa transcends these physical attributes.

The Unveiling of Diverse Santa Identities

The researchers categorized Santas into three distinct types: prototypical, semi-prototypical, and non-prototypical.

• Prototypical Santas: These individuals closely embody the classic representation of Santa Claus—aided by a hearty belly, a white beard, and an air of joy. Many of them resonate with the Santa identity year-round.
• Semi-prototypical Santas: While they might not fit the traditional mold perfectly, these Santas cleverly navigate their differences. For example, a Santa with hearing loss uses cochlear implants as 'microphones' for communication with elves, fostering the enchanting spirit of Christmas despite visible variances.
• Non-prototypical Santas: This group includes women, people of color, and those with visible disabilities. Many expressed a profound connection to the role, often overcoming adversity and challenges presented by a narrow cultural archetype.

Personal Stories Behind the Suit

Despite the traditional expectations associated with the role of Santa, each person's journey is unique. Several Santas shared experiences of rejection when trying to enter the profession due to their physical appearance. For instance, an African American Santa was informed that a store “was not ready” for a Black Santa. However, perseverance led him to eventually secure a Santa role, illustrating that the calling can prevail over societal biases.

“These atypical Santas are trailblazers,” Csillag reflected. “The expectations for playing the role may seem exclusive, but they are surmountable.”

Implications Beyond the Holiday Season

The insights gained from this study extend beyond the festive season. Csillag and her team propose that professions typically steeped in cultural stereotypes—like teaching, nursing, or religious roles—could also benefit from re-evaluating how candidates are perceived. Just as Santa transcends traditional identity constraints, so too can individuals in various professions if given the opportunity.

Reflecting on the Tradition

The modern comprehension of Santa Claus invites a broader conversation about inclusivity. A calling, grounded in passion and a sense of purpose, may outweigh mere outward appearance. This paradigm shift encourages many to look beyond the surface and appreciate the spirit embodying Santa's legacy is accessible to all.

Conclusion

This research not only reshapes our vision of Santa but serves as a call to embrace diversity across different roles in society. The spirit of Santa represents kindness and joy—qualities that anyone can embody, fittingly reminding us that our identities should not confine us but empower us to share love and warmth during the holiday season and beyond.

If you have insights or stories regarding professional Santas, please reach out to us. Your experiences and thoughts matter, especially in shaping a more inclusive holiday narrative.

References

Hymer, C. B., Cockburn, B. S., & Csillag, B. (2025). Who's Behind the Red Suit? Exploring Role Prototypicality within Calling Enactment among Professional Santas. Academy of Management Journal. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2023.1161